After two unsuccessful (and entirely disappointing) CS tickets, I was still left without answers to my problem.
I decided to try something else: I unlearned the skill, restarted the client (and my PC), then relearned the skill and now all the armorings and armors can be RE'd normally. The lower-level augments, however, can NOT be RE'd... which nobody told me - not even the CSRs (who didn't even reply to my tickets before closing them).
So I got it to work. Thanks again for your reply, have an awesome day!