Since most gear raises both Endurance and another main stat, the HP value is a good indicator. I think around 15k is good to start doing HM BT. The DPS in all lvl 47 gear, without even some purple daily mods in there, was likely undergeared for it.
No you can't. Went through the same thing with my first toon, it didn't bother me at all. On my alts I started experimenting, even skipped an entire planet (only did the class stuff there).
I don't really think a feature like you suggest is necessary though. Never heard of a MMORPG where you can "turn off" getting XP.
Then you should have an easy time with this suggestion: do the missions and on your way to the mission objetive do not avoid any mobs, slaughter everything that moves. That's the best way to earn xp in my opinion.
Are you also keeping your companions' gears upgraded? Have you been doing Flashpoints for the loot? Maybe there are a couple of things you still need to understand about playing your class?